MDEV-23842 Atomic RENAME TABLE

- Major rewrite of ddl_log.cc and ddl_log.h
  - ddl_log.cc described in the beginning how the recovery works.
  - ddl_log.log has unique signature and is dynamic. It's easy to
    add more information to the header and other ddl blocks while still
    being able to execute old ddl entries.
  - IO_SIZE for ddl blocks is now dynamic. Can be changed without affecting
    recovery of old logs.
  - Code is more modular and is now usable outside of partition handling.
  - Renamed log file to dll_recovery.log and added option --log-ddl-recovery
    to allow one to specify the path & filename.
- Added ddl_log_entry_phase[], number of phases for each DDL action,
  which allowed me to greatly simply set_global_from_ddl_log_entry()
- Changed how strings are stored in log entries, which allows us to
  store much more information in a log entry.
- ddl log is now always created at start and deleted on normal shutdown.
  This simplices things notable.
- Added probes debug_crash_here() and debug_simulate_error() to simply
  crash testing and allow crash after a given number of times a probe
  is executed. See comments in debug_sync.cc and rename_table.test for
  how this can be used.
- Reverting failed table and view renames is done trough the ddl log.
  This ensures that the ddl log is tested also outside of recovery.
- Added helper function 'handler::needs_lower_case_filenames()'
- Extend binary log with Q_XID events. ddl log handling is using this
  to check if a ddl log entry was logged to the binary log (if yes,
  it will be deleted from the log during ddl_log_close_binlogged_events()
- If a DDL entry fails 3 time, disable it. This is to ensure that if
  we have a crash in ddl recovery code the server will not get stuck
  in a forever crash-restart-crash loop.

mysqltest.cc changes:
- --die will now replace $variables with their values
- $error will contain the error of the last failed statement

storage engine changes:
- maria_rename() was changed to be more robust against crashes during
  rename.

mysql-test/main/mysqlbinlog_row_compressed.result

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ ROLLBACK/*!*/;
 /*!100001 SET @@session.server_id=1*//*!*/;
 /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=1*//*!*/;
 # at 371
-#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 533 CRC32 XXX 	Query_compressed	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0
+#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 533 CRC32 XXX 	Query_compressed	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0	xid=<xid>
 use `test`/*!*/;
 SET TIMESTAMP=X/*!*/;
 SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=5/*!*/;
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ CREATE TABLE t1 (pk INT PRIMARY KEY, f1 INT, f2 INT, f3 TINYINT, f4 MEDIUMINT, f
 #<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 575 CRC32 XXX 	GTID 0-1-2 ddl
 /*!100001 SET @@session.gtid_seq_no=2*//*!*/;
 # at 575
-#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 727 CRC32 XXX 	Query_compressed	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0
+#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 727 CRC32 XXX 	Query_compressed	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0	xid=<xid>
 SET TIMESTAMP=X/*!*/;
 CREATE TABLE t2 (pk INT PRIMARY KEY, f1 INT, f2 INT, f3 INT, f4 INT, f5 MEDIUMINT, f6 INT, f7 INT, f8 char(1))
 /*!*/;
@@ -75,7 +75,7 @@ START TRANSACTION
 ###   @9='' /* STRING(1) meta=65025 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
 # Number of rows: 1
 # at 967
-#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 1040 CRC32 XXX 	Query	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0
+#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 1040 CRC32 XXX 	Query	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0	xid=<xid>
 SET TIMESTAMP=X/*!*/;
 COMMIT
 /*!*/;
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ START TRANSACTION
 ###   @9=NULL /* STRING(1) meta=65025 nullable=1 is_null=1 */
 # Number of rows: 1
 # at 1281
-#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 1354 CRC32 XXX 	Query	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0
+#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 1354 CRC32 XXX 	Query	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0	xid=<xid>
 SET TIMESTAMP=X/*!*/;
 COMMIT
 /*!*/;
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ START TRANSACTION
 ###   @9='A' /* STRING(1) meta=65025 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
 # Number of rows: 1
 # at 1596
-#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 1669 CRC32 XXX 	Query	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0
+#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 1669 CRC32 XXX 	Query	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0	xid=<xid>
 SET TIMESTAMP=X/*!*/;
 COMMIT
 /*!*/;
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ START TRANSACTION
 ###   @9='A' /* STRING(1) meta=65025 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
 # Number of rows: 1
 # at 1909
-#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 1982 CRC32 XXX 	Query	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0
+#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 1982 CRC32 XXX 	Query	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0	xid=<xid>
 SET TIMESTAMP=X/*!*/;
 COMMIT
 /*!*/;
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ START TRANSACTION
 ###   @9='A' /* STRING(1) meta=65025 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
 # Number of rows: 4
 # at 2225
-#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 2298 CRC32 XXX 	Query	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0
+#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 2298 CRC32 XXX 	Query	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0	xid=<xid>
 SET TIMESTAMP=X/*!*/;
 COMMIT
 /*!*/;
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ START TRANSACTION
 ###   @9='A' /* STRING(1) meta=65025 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
 # Number of rows: 3
 # at 2561
-#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 2634 CRC32 XXX 	Query	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0
+#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 2634 CRC32 XXX 	Query	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0	xid=<xid>
 SET TIMESTAMP=X/*!*/;
 COMMIT
 /*!*/;
@@ -367,7 +367,7 @@ START TRANSACTION
 ###   @9='A' /* STRING(1) meta=65025 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
 # Number of rows: 4
 # at 2861
-#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 2934 CRC32 XXX 	Query	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0
+#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 2934 CRC32 XXX 	Query	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0	xid=<xid>
 SET TIMESTAMP=X/*!*/;
 COMMIT
 /*!*/;
@@ -429,7 +429,7 @@ START TRANSACTION
 ###   @9='A' /* STRING(1) meta=65025 nullable=1 is_null=0 */
 # Number of rows: 4
 # at 3154
-#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 3227 CRC32 XXX 	Query	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0
+#<date> server id 1  end_log_pos 3227 CRC32 XXX 	Query	thread_id=5	exec_time=x	error_code=0	xid=<xid>
 SET TIMESTAMP=X/*!*/;
 COMMIT
 /*!*/;