WL#3984 (Revise locking of mysql.general_log and mysql.slow_log)

Bug#25422 (Hang with log tables)
Bug 17876 (Truncating mysql.slow_log in a SP after using cursor locks the
          thread)
Bug 23044 (Warnings on flush of a log table)
Bug 29129 (Resetting general_log while the GLOBAL READ LOCK is set causes
           a deadlock)

Prior to this fix, the server would hang when performing concurrent
ALTER TABLE or TRUNCATE TABLE statements against the LOG TABLES,
which are mysql.general_log and mysql.slow_log.

The root cause traces to the following code:
in sql_base.cc, open_table()
  if (table->in_use != thd)
  {
    /* wait_for_condition will unlock LOCK_open for us */
    wait_for_condition(thd, &LOCK_open, &COND_refresh);
  }
The problem with this code is that the current implementation of the
LOGGER creates 'fake' THD objects, like
- Log_to_csv_event_handler::general_log_thd
- Log_to_csv_event_handler::slow_log_thd
which are not associated to a real thread running in the server,
so that waiting for these non-existing threads to release table locks
cause the dead lock.

In general, the design of Log_to_csv_event_handler does not fit into the
general architecture of the server, so that the concept of general_log_thd
and slow_log_thd has to be abandoned:
- this implementation does not work with table locking
- it will not work with commands like SHOW PROCESSLIST
- having the log tables always opened does not integrate well with DDL
operations / FLUSH TABLES / SET GLOBAL READ_ONLY

With this patch, the fundamental design of the LOGGER has been changed to:
- always open and close a log table when writing a log
- remove totally the usage of fake THD objects
- clarify how locking of log tables is implemented in general.

See WL#3984 for details related to the new locking design.

Additional changes (misc bugs exposed and fixed):

1)

mysqldump which would ignore some tables in dump_all_tables_in_db(),
 but forget to ignore the same in dump_all_views_in_db().

2)

mysqldump would also issue an empty "LOCK TABLE" command when all the tables
to lock are to be ignored (numrows == 0), instead of not issuing the query.

3)

Internal errors handlers could intercept errors but not warnings
(see sql_error.cc).

4)

Implementing a nested call to open tables, for the performance schema tables,
exposed an existing bug in remove_table_from_cache(), which would perform:
  in_use->some_tables_deleted=1;
against another thread, without any consideration about thread locking.
This call inside remove_table_from_cache() was not required anyway,
since calling mysql_lock_abort() takes care of aborting -- cleanly -- threads
that might hold a lock on a table.
This line (in_use->some_tables_deleted=1) has been removed.


sql/handler.cc:
  Moved logic for system / log tables in the SQL layer.
sql/handler.h:
  Moved logic for system / log tables in the SQL layer.
sql/lock.cc:
  Revised locking of log tables
sql/log.cc:
  Major cleanup: changed how log tables are locked / written to.
sql/log.h:
  Major cleanup: changed how log tables are locked / written to.
sql/mysql_priv.h:
  performance schema helpers
sql/slave.cc:
  open_ltable() lock flags
sql/sp.cc:
  open_ltable() lock flags
sql/sql_acl.cc:
  open_ltable() lock flags
sql/sql_class.h:
  performance schema helpers
sql/sql_delete.cc:
  log tables cleanup in TRUNCATE
sql/sql_error.cc:
  Internal handlers can also intercept warnings
sql/sql_insert.cc:
  open_ltable() lock flags
sql/sql_parse.cc:
  performance schema helpers
sql/sql_plugin.cc:
  open_ltable() lock flags
sql/sql_rename.cc:
  log tables cleanup in RENAME
sql/sql_servers.cc:
  open_ltable() lock flags
sql/sql_show.cc:
  Move INFORMATION_SCHEMA_NAME to table.cc
sql/sql_table.cc:
  log tables cleanup (admin operations, ALTER TABLE)
sql/sql_udf.cc:
  open_ltable() lock flags
sql/table.cc:
  Implemented TABLE_CATEGORY.
sql/share/errmsg.txt:
  Changed the wording and name of ER_CANT_READ_LOCK_LOG_TABLE
sql/table.h:
  Implemented TABLE_CATEGORY.
storage/csv/ha_tina.cc:
  Moved logic for system / log tables in the SQL layer.
storage/csv/ha_tina.h:
  Moved logic for system / log tables in the SQL layer.
storage/myisam/ha_myisam.cc:
  Moved logic for system / log tables in the SQL layer.
storage/myisam/ha_myisam.h:
  Moved logic for system / log tables in the SQL layer.
client/mysqldump.c:
  Don't lock tables in the ignore list.
  Don't issue empty LOCK TABLES queries.
sql/sql_base.cc:
  log tables cleanup
  performance schema helpers
mysql-test/r/ps.result:
  Adjust test results
mysql-test/r/show_check.result:
  Adjust test results
mysql-test/r/status.result:
  Adjust test results
mysql-test/t/log_state.test:
  Added tests for Bug#29129
mysql-test/t/ps.test:
  Make the test output deterministic
mysql-test/t/show_check.test:
  Make the test output deterministic
mysql-test/r/log_state.result:
  Changed the default location of the log output to LOG_FILE,
  for backward compatibility with MySQL 5.0
  ---
  Adjust test results
mysql-test/r/log_tables.result:
  cleanup for -ps-protocol
mysql-test/t/log_tables.test:
  cleanup for -ps-protocol
sql/set_var.cc:
  Changed the default location of the log output to LOG_FILE,
  for backward compatibility with MySQL 5.0
  ---
  log tables cleanup

sql/sql_parse.cc

@@ -197,8 +197,8 @@ void init_update_queries(void)
 
   sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_CREATE_TABLE]=   CF_CHANGES_DATA;
   sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_CREATE_INDEX]=   CF_CHANGES_DATA;
-  sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_ALTER_TABLE]=    CF_CHANGES_DATA;
-  sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_TRUNCATE]=       CF_CHANGES_DATA;
+  sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_ALTER_TABLE]=    CF_CHANGES_DATA | CF_WRITE_LOGS_COMMAND;
+  sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_TRUNCATE]=       CF_CHANGES_DATA | CF_WRITE_LOGS_COMMAND;
   sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_DROP_TABLE]=     CF_CHANGES_DATA;
   sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_LOAD]=           CF_CHANGES_DATA;
   sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_CREATE_DB]=      CF_CHANGES_DATA;
@@ -210,8 +210,8 @@ void init_update_queries(void)
   sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_CREATE_VIEW]=    CF_CHANGES_DATA;
   sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_DROP_VIEW]=      CF_CHANGES_DATA;
   sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_CREATE_EVENT]=   CF_CHANGES_DATA;
-  sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_ALTER_EVENT]=    CF_CHANGES_DATA;
-  sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_DROP_EVENT]=     CF_CHANGES_DATA;  
+  sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_ALTER_EVENT]=    CF_CHANGES_DATA | CF_WRITE_LOGS_COMMAND;
+  sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_DROP_EVENT]=     CF_CHANGES_DATA;
 
   sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_UPDATE]=	    CF_CHANGES_DATA | CF_HAS_ROW_COUNT;
   sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_UPDATE_MULTI]=   CF_CHANGES_DATA | CF_HAS_ROW_COUNT;
@@ -250,6 +250,14 @@ void init_update_queries(void)
   */
   sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_CALL]= 		CF_HAS_ROW_COUNT;
   sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_EXECUTE]= 		CF_HAS_ROW_COUNT;
+
+  /*
+    The following admin table operations are allowed
+    on log tables.
+  */
+  sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_REPAIR]=           CF_WRITE_LOGS_COMMAND;
+  sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_OPTIMIZE]=         CF_WRITE_LOGS_COMMAND;
+  sql_command_flags[SQLCOM_ANALYZE]=          CF_WRITE_LOGS_COMMAND;
 }
 
 
@@ -259,6 +267,17 @@ bool is_update_query(enum enum_sql_command command)
   return (sql_command_flags[command] & CF_CHANGES_DATA) != 0;
 }
 
+/**
+  Check if a sql command is allowed to write to log tables.
+  @param command The SQL command
+  @return true if writing is allowed
+*/
+bool is_log_table_write_query(enum enum_sql_command command)
+{
+  DBUG_ASSERT(command >= 0 && command <= SQLCOM_END);
+  return (sql_command_flags[command] & CF_WRITE_LOGS_COMMAND) != 0;
+}
+
 void execute_init_command(THD *thd, sys_var_str *init_command_var,
 			  rw_lock_t *var_mutex)
 {
@@ -493,7 +512,7 @@ int mysql_table_dump(THD *thd, LEX_STRING *db, char *tbl_name)
   if (lower_case_table_names)
     my_casedn_str(files_charset_info, tbl_name);
 
-  if (!(table=open_ltable(thd, table_list, TL_READ_NO_INSERT)))
+  if (!(table=open_ltable(thd, table_list, TL_READ_NO_INSERT, 0)))
     DBUG_RETURN(1);
 
   if (check_one_table_access(thd, SELECT_ACL, table_list))