MDEV-10138 Support for decimals up to 38 digits

Decimals with float, double and decimal now works the following way:

- DECIMAL_NOT_SPECIFIED is used when declaring DECIMALS without a firm number
  of decimals.  It's only used in asserts and my_decimal_int_part.
- FLOATING_POINT_DECIMALS (31) is used to mark that a FLOAT or DOUBLE
  was defined without decimals. This is regarded as a floating point value.
- Max decimals allowed for FLOAT and DOUBLE is FLOATING_POINT_DECIMALS-1
- Clients assumes that float and double with decimals >= NOT_FIXED_DEC are
  floating point values (no decimals)
- In the .frm decimals=FLOATING_POINT_DECIMALS are used to define
  floating point for float and double (31, like before)

To ensure compatibility with old clients we do:

- When storing float and double, we change NOT_FIXED_DEC to
  FLOATING_POINT_DECIMALS.
- When creating fields from .frm we change for float and double
  FLOATING_POINT_DEC to NOT_FIXED_DEC
- When sending definition for a float/decimal field without decimals
  to the client as part of a result set we convert NOT_FIXED_DEC to
  FLOATING_POINT_DECIMALS.
- variance() and std() has changed to limit the decimals to
  FLOATING_POINT_DECIMALS -1 to not get the double converted floating point.
  (This was to preserve compatiblity)
- FLOAT and DOUBLE still have 30 as max number of decimals.

Bugs fixed:

variance() printed more decimals than we support for double values.

New behaviour:
- Strings now have 38 decimals instead of 30 when converted to decimal
- CREATE ... SELECT with a decimal with > 30 decimals will create a column
  with a smaller range than before as we are trying to preserve the number of
  decimals.


Other changes
- We are now using the obsolete bit FIELDFLAG_LEFT_FULLSCREEN to specify
  decimals > 31
- NOT_FIXED_DEC is now declared in one place
- For clients, NOT_FIXED_DEC is always 31 (to ensure compatibility).
  On the server NOT_FIXED_DEC is DECIMAL_NOT_SPECIFIED (39)
- AUTO_SEC_PART_DIGITS is taken from DECIMAL_NOT_SPECIFIED
- DOUBLE conversion functions are now using DECIMAL_NOT_SPECIFIED instead of
  NOT_FIXED_DEC

include/mysql_com.h

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@
 #ifndef _mysql_com_h
 #define _mysql_com_h
 
+#include "my_decimal_limits.h"
+
 #define HOSTNAME_LENGTH 60
 #define SYSTEM_CHARSET_MBMAXLEN 3
 #define NAME_CHAR_LEN	64              /* Field/table name length */
@@ -648,5 +650,18 @@ uchar *safe_net_store_length(uchar *pkg, size_t pkg_len, ulonglong length);
 #define MYSQL_STMT_HEADER       4
 #define MYSQL_LONG_DATA_HEADER  6
 
-#define NOT_FIXED_DEC           31
+/*
+  If a float or double field have more than this number of decimals,
+  it's regarded as floating point field without any specific number of
+  decimals
+*/
+
+#define FLOATING_POINT_DECIMALS 31
+
+/* Keep client compatible with earlier versions */
+#ifdef MYSQL_SERVER
+#define NOT_FIXED_DEC           DECIMAL_NOT_SPECIFIED
+#else
+#define NOT_FIXED_DEC           FLOATING_POINT_DECIMALS
+#endif
 #endif