MDEV-25506 (3 of 3): Do not delete .ibd files before commit

This is a complete rewrite of DROP TABLE, also as part of other DDL,
such as ALTER TABLE, CREATE TABLE...SELECT, TRUNCATE TABLE.

The background DROP TABLE queue hack is removed.
If a transaction needs to drop and create a table by the same name
(like TRUNCATE TABLE does), it must first rename the table to an
internal #sql-ib name. No committed version of the data dictionary
will include any #sql-ib tables, because whenever a transaction
renames a table to a #sql-ib name, it will also drop that table.
Either the rename will be rolled back, or the drop will be committed.

Data files will be unlinked after the transaction has been committed
and a FILE_RENAME record has been durably written. The file will
actually be deleted when the detached file handle returned by
fil_delete_tablespace() will be closed, after the latches have been
released. It is possible that a purge of the delete of the SYS_INDEXES
record for the clustered index will execute fil_delete_tablespace()
concurrently with the DDL transaction. In that case, the thread that
arrives later will wait for the other thread to finish.

HTON_TRUNCATE_REQUIRES_EXCLUSIVE_USE: A new handler flag.
ha_innobase::truncate() now requires that all other references to
the table be released in advance. This was implemented by Monty.

ha_innobase::delete_table(): If CREATE TABLE..SELECT is detected,
we will "hijack" the current transaction, drop the table in
the current transaction and commit the current transaction.
This essentially fixes MDEV-21602. There is a FIXME comment about
making the check less failure-prone.

ha_innobase::truncate(), ha_innobase::delete_table():
Implement a fast path for temporary tables. We will no longer allow
temporary tables to use the adaptive hash index.

dict_table_t::mdl_name: The original table name for the purpose of
acquiring MDL in purge, to prevent a race condition between a
DDL transaction that is dropping a table, and purge processing
undo log records of DML that had executed before the DDL operation.
For #sql-backup- tables during ALTER TABLE...ALGORITHM=COPY, the
dict_table_t::mdl_name will differ from dict_table_t::name.

dict_table_t::parse_name(): Use mdl_name instead of name.

dict_table_rename_in_cache(): Update mdl_name.

For the internal FTS_ tables of FULLTEXT INDEX, purge would
acquire MDL on the FTS_ table name, but not on the main table,
and therefore it would be able to run concurrently with a
DDL transaction that is dropping the table. Previously, the
DROP TABLE queue hack prevented a race between purge and DDL.
For now, we introduce purge_sys.stop_FTS() to prevent purge from
opening any table, while a DDL transaction that may drop FTS_
tables is in progress. The function fts_lock_table(), which will
be invoked before the dictionary is locked, will wait for
purge to release any table handles.

trx_t::drop_table_statistics(): Drop statistics for the table.
This replaces dict_stats_drop_index(). We will drop or rename
persistent statistics atomically as part of DDL transactions.
On lock conflict for dropping statistics, we will fail instantly
with DB_LOCK_WAIT_TIMEOUT, because we will be holding the
exclusive data dictionary latch.

trx_t::commit_cleanup(): Separated from trx_t::commit_in_memory().
Relax an assertion around fts_commit() and allow DB_LOCK_WAIT_TIMEOUT
in addition to DB_DUPLICATE_KEY. The call to fts_commit() is
entirely misplaced here and may obviously break the consistency
of transactions that affect FULLTEXT INDEX. It needs to be fixed
separately.

dict_table_t::n_foreign_key_checks_running: Remove (MDEV-21175).
The counter was a work-around for missing meta-data locking (MDL)
on the SQL layer, and not really needed in MariaDB.

ER_TABLE_IN_FK_CHECK: Replaced with ER_UNUSED_28.

HA_ERR_TABLE_IN_FK_CHECK: Remove.

row_ins_check_foreign_constraints(): Do not acquire
dict_sys.latch either. The SQL-layer MDL will protect us.

This was reviewed by Thirunarayanan Balathandayuthapani
and tested by Matthias Leich.

sql/handler.cc

@@ -493,7 +493,6 @@ int ha_init_errors(void)
   SETMSG(HA_ERR_INDEX_COL_TOO_LONG,	ER_DEFAULT(ER_INDEX_COLUMN_TOO_LONG));
   SETMSG(HA_ERR_INDEX_CORRUPT,		ER_DEFAULT(ER_INDEX_CORRUPT));
   SETMSG(HA_FTS_INVALID_DOCID,		"Invalid InnoDB FTS Doc ID");
-  SETMSG(HA_ERR_TABLE_IN_FK_CHECK,	ER_DEFAULT(ER_TABLE_IN_FK_CHECK));
   SETMSG(HA_ERR_DISK_FULL,              ER_DEFAULT(ER_DISK_FULL));
   SETMSG(HA_ERR_FTS_TOO_MANY_WORDS_IN_PHRASE,  "Too many words in a FTS phrase or proximity search");
   SETMSG(HA_ERR_FK_DEPTH_EXCEEDED,      "Foreign key cascade delete/update exceeds");
@@ -4259,9 +4258,6 @@ void handler::print_error(int error, myf errflag)
   case HA_ERR_UNDO_REC_TOO_BIG:
     textno= ER_UNDO_RECORD_TOO_BIG;
     break;
-  case HA_ERR_TABLE_IN_FK_CHECK:
-    textno= ER_TABLE_IN_FK_CHECK;
-    break;
   default:
     {
       /* The error was "unknown" to this function.