MDEV-12699 Improve crash recovery of corrupted data pages

InnoDB crash recovery used to read every data page for which
redo log exists. This is unnecessary for those pages that are
initialized by the redo log. If a newly created page is corrupted,
recovery could unnecessarily fail. It would suffice to reinitialize
the page based on the redo log records.

To add insult to injury, InnoDB crash recovery could hang if it
encountered a corrupted page. We will fix also that problem.
InnoDB would normally refuse to start up if it encounters a
corrupted page on recovery, but that can be overridden by
setting innodb_force_recovery=1.

Data pages are completely initialized by the records
MLOG_INIT_FILE_PAGE2 and MLOG_ZIP_PAGE_COMPRESS.
MariaDB 10.4 additionally recognizes MLOG_INIT_FREE_PAGE,
which notifies that a page has been freed and its contents
can be discarded (filled with zeroes).

The record MLOG_INDEX_LOAD notifies that redo logging has
been re-enabled after being disabled. We can avoid loading
the page if all buffered redo log records predate the
MLOG_INDEX_LOAD record.

For the internal tables of FULLTEXT INDEX, no MLOG_INDEX_LOAD
records were written before commit aa3f7a107c.
Hence, we will skip these optimizations for tables whose
name starts with FTS_.

This is joint work with Thirunarayanan Balathandayuthapani.

fil_space_t::enable_lsn, file_name_t::enable_lsn: The LSN of the
latest recovered MLOG_INDEX_LOAD record for a tablespace.

mlog_init: Page initialization operations discovered during
redo log scanning. FIXME: This really belongs in recv_sys->addr_hash,
and should be removed in MDEV-19176.

recv_addr_state: Add the new state RECV_WILL_NOT_READ to
indicate that according to mlog_init, the page will be
initialized based on redo log record contents.

recv_add_to_hash_table(): Set the RECV_WILL_NOT_READ state
if appropriate. For now, we do not treat MLOG_ZIP_PAGE_COMPRESS
as page initialization. This works around bugs in the crash
recovery of ROW_FORMAT=COMPRESSED tables.

recv_mark_log_index_load(): Process a MLOG_INDEX_LOAD record
by resetting the state to RECV_NOT_PROCESSED and by updating
the fil_name_t::enable_lsn.

recv_init_crash_recovery_spaces(): Copy fil_name_t::enable_lsn
to fil_space_t::enable_lsn.

recv_recover_page(): Add the parameter init_lsn, to ignore
any log records that precede the page initialization.
Add DBUG output about skipped operations.

buf_page_create(): Initialize FIL_PAGE_LSN, so that
recv_recover_page() will not wrongly skip applying
the page-initialization record due to the field containing
some newer LSN as a leftover from a different page.
Do not invoke ibuf_merge_or_delete_for_page() during
crash recovery.

recv_apply_hashed_log_recs(): Remove some unnecessary lookups.
Note if a corrupted page was found during recovery.
After invoking buf_page_create(), do invoke
ibuf_merge_or_delete_for_page() via mlog_init.ibuf_merge()
in the last recovery batch.

ibuf_merge_or_delete_for_page(): Relax a debug assertion.

innobase_start_or_create_for_mysql(): Abort startup if
a corrupted page was found during recovery. Corrupted pages
will not be flagged if innodb_force_recovery is set.
However, the recv_sys->found_corrupt_fs flag can be set
regardless of innodb_force_recovery if file names are found
to be incorrect (for example, multiple files with the same
tablespace ID).

mysql-test/suite/encryption/r/corrupted_during_recovery.result

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+CREATE TABLE t1(a BIGINT PRIMARY KEY) ENGINE=InnoDB, ENCRYPTED=YES;
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1);
+CREATE TABLE t2(a BIGINT PRIMARY KEY) ENGINE=InnoDB, ENCRYPTED=YES;
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2);
+SET GLOBAL innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1;
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(2);
+# Kill the server
+# Corrupt the pages
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+ERROR 42000: Unknown storage engine 'InnoDB'
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+a
+1
+2
+SELECT * FROM t2;
+a
+2
+CHECK TABLE t1,t2;
+Table	Op	Msg_type	Msg_text
+test.t1	check	status	OK
+test.t2	check	status	OK
+DROP TABLE t1, t2;

mysql-test/suite/encryption/t/corrupted_during_recovery.test

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+--source include/have_innodb.inc
+--source include/have_file_key_management_plugin.inc
+
+--disable_query_log
+call mtr.add_suppression("InnoDB: Plugin initialization aborted");
+call mtr.add_suppression("Plugin 'InnoDB' init function returned error");
+call mtr.add_suppression("Plugin 'InnoDB' registration as a STORAGE ENGINE failed");
+call mtr.add_suppression("InnoDB: Database page corruption on disk or a failed file read of tablespace test/t1 page");
+call mtr.add_suppression("InnoDB: Failed to read file '.*test.t1\\.ibd' at offset 3: Table is encrypted but decrypt failed");
+call mtr.add_suppression("InnoDB: The page \\[page id: space=\\d+, page number=3\\] in file '.*test.t1\\.ibd' cannot be decrypted");
+call mtr.add_suppression("InnoDB: Table in tablespace \\d+ encrypted. However key management plugin or used key_version \\d+ is not found or used encryption algorithm or method does not match. Can't continue opening the table.");
+--enable_query_log
+
+let INNODB_PAGE_SIZE=`select @@innodb_page_size`;
+CREATE TABLE t1(a BIGINT PRIMARY KEY) ENGINE=InnoDB, ENCRYPTED=YES;
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(1);
+# Force a redo log checkpoint.
+--source include/restart_mysqld.inc
+--source ../../suite/innodb/include/no_checkpoint_start.inc
+CREATE TABLE t2(a BIGINT PRIMARY KEY) ENGINE=InnoDB, ENCRYPTED=YES;
+INSERT INTO t1 VALUES(2);
+SET GLOBAL innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=1;
+INSERT INTO t2 VALUES(2);
+
+--let CLEANUP_IF_CHECKPOINT=DROP TABLE t1,t2;
+--source ../../suite/innodb/include/no_checkpoint_end.inc
+
+--echo # Corrupt the pages
+
+perl;
+my $ps = $ENV{INNODB_PAGE_SIZE};
+
+my $file = "$ENV{MYSQLD_DATADIR}/test/t1.ibd";
+open(FILE, "+<$file") || die "Unable to open $file";
+binmode FILE;
+seek (FILE, $ENV{INNODB_PAGE_SIZE} * 3, SEEK_SET) or die "seek";
+print FILE "junk";
+close FILE or die "close";
+
+$file = "$ENV{MYSQLD_DATADIR}/test/t2.ibd";
+open(FILE, "+<$file") || die "Unable to open $file";
+binmode FILE;
+# Corrupt pages 1 to 3. MLOG_INIT_FILE_PAGE2 should protect us!
+# Unfortunately, we are not immune to page 0 corruption.
+seek (FILE, $ps, SEEK_SET) or die "seek";
+print FILE chr(0xff) x ($ps * 3);
+close FILE or die "close";
+EOF
+
+--source include/start_mysqld.inc
+--error ER_UNKNOWN_STORAGE_ENGINE
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+let $restart_parameters=--innodb_force_recovery=1;
+--source include/restart_mysqld.inc
+
+SELECT * FROM t1;
+SELECT * FROM t2;
+CHECK TABLE t1,t2;
+
+DROP TABLE t1, t2;