mhnsw: inter-statement shared cache

* preserve the graph in memory between statements
* keep it in a TABLE_SHARE, available for concurrent searches
* nodes are generally read-only, walking the graph doesn't change them
* distance to target is cached, calculated only once
* SIMD-optimized bloom filter detects visited nodes
* nodes are stored in an array, not List, to better utilize bloom filter
* auto-adjusting heuristic to estimate the number of visited nodes
  (to configure the bloom filter)
* many threads can concurrently walk the graph. MEM_ROOT and Hash_set
  are protected with a mutex, but walking doesn't need them
* up to 8 threads can concurrently load nodes into the cache,
  nodes are partitioned into 8 mutexes (8 is chosen arbitrarily, might
  need tuning)
* concurrent editing is not supported though
* this is fine for MyISAM, TL_WRITE protects the TABLE_SHARE and the
  graph (note that TL_WRITE_CONCURRENT_INSERT is not allowed, because an
  INSERT into the main table means multiple UPDATEs in the graph)
* InnoDB uses secondary transaction-level caches linked in a list in
  in thd->ha_data via a fake handlerton
* on rollback the secondary cache is discarded, on commit nodes
  from the secondary cache are invalidated in the shared cache
  while it is exclusively locked
* on savepoint rollback both caches are flushed. this can be improved
  in the future with a row visibility callback
* graph size is controlled by @@mhnsw_cache_size, the cache is flushed
  when it reaches the threshold

sql/sql_base.cc

@@ -2401,6 +2401,10 @@ retry_share:
     my_error(ER_NOT_SEQUENCE, MYF(0), table_list->db.str, table_list->alias.str);
     DBUG_RETURN(true);
   }
+  /* hlindexes don't support concurrent insert */
+  if (table->s->hlindexes() &&
+      table_list->lock_type == TL_WRITE_CONCURRENT_INSERT)
+    table_list->lock_type= TL_WRITE_DEFAULT;
 
   DBUG_ASSERT(thd->locked_tables_mode || table->file->row_logging == 0);
   DBUG_RETURN(false);