MDEV-33277 In-place upgrade causes invalid AUTO_INCREMENT values

MDEV-33308 CHECK TABLE is modifying .frm file even if --read-only

As noted in commit d0ef1aaf61,
MySQL as well as older versions of MariaDB server would during
ALTER TABLE ... IMPORT TABLESPACE write bogus values to the
PAGE_MAX_TRX_ID field to pages of the clustered index, instead of
letting that field remain 0.
In commit 8777458a6e this field
was repurposed for PAGE_ROOT_AUTO_INC in the clustered index root page.

To avoid trouble when upgrading from MySQL or older versions of MariaDB,
we will try to detect and correct bogus values of PAGE_ROOT_AUTO_INC
when opening a table for the first time from the SQL layer.

btr_read_autoinc_with_fallback(): Add the parameters to mysql_version,max
to indicate the TABLE_SHARE::mysql_version of the .frm file and the
maximum value allowed for the type of the AUTO_INCREMENT column.
In case the table was originally created in MySQL or an older version of
MariaDB, read also the maximum value of the AUTO_INCREMENT column from
the table and reset the PAGE_ROOT_AUTO_INC if it is above the limit.

dict_table_t::get_index(const dict_col_t &) const: Find an index that
starts with the specified column.

ha_innobase::check_for_upgrade(): Return HA_ADMIN_FAILED if InnoDB
needs upgrading but is in read-only mode. In this way, the call to
update_frm_version() will be skipped.

row_import_autoinc(): Adjust the AUTO_INCREMENT column at the end of
ALTER TABLE...IMPORT TABLESPACE. This refinement was suggested by
Debarun Banerjee.

The changes outside InnoDB were developed by Michael 'Monty' Widenius:

Added print_check_msg() service for easy reporting of check/repair messages
in ENGINE=Aria and ENGINE=InnoDB.
Fixed that CHECK TABLE do not update the .frm file under --read-only.
Added 'handler_flags' to HA_CHECK_OPT as a way for storage engines to
store state from handler::check_for_upgrade().

Reviewed by: Debarun Banerjee

sql/handler.h

@@ -2615,6 +2615,7 @@ typedef struct st_ha_check_opt
   st_ha_check_opt() = default;                        /* Remove gcc warning */
   uint flags;       /* isam layer flags (e.g. for myisamchk) */
   uint sql_flags;   /* sql layer flags - for something myisamchk cannot do */
+  uint handler_flags; /* Reserved for handler usage */
   time_t start_time;   /* When check/repair starts */
   KEY_CACHE *key_cache; /* new key cache when changing key cache */
   void init();