MDEV-33277 In-place upgrade causes invalid AUTO_INCREMENT values

MDEV-33308 CHECK TABLE is modifying .frm file even if --read-only

As noted in commit d0ef1aaf61,
MySQL as well as older versions of MariaDB server would during
ALTER TABLE ... IMPORT TABLESPACE write bogus values to the
PAGE_MAX_TRX_ID field to pages of the clustered index, instead of
letting that field remain 0.
In commit 8777458a6e this field
was repurposed for PAGE_ROOT_AUTO_INC in the clustered index root page.

To avoid trouble when upgrading from MySQL or older versions of MariaDB,
we will try to detect and correct bogus values of PAGE_ROOT_AUTO_INC
when opening a table for the first time from the SQL layer.

btr_read_autoinc_with_fallback(): Add the parameters to mysql_version,max
to indicate the TABLE_SHARE::mysql_version of the .frm file and the
maximum value allowed for the type of the AUTO_INCREMENT column.
In case the table was originally created in MySQL or an older version of
MariaDB, read also the maximum value of the AUTO_INCREMENT column from
the table and reset the PAGE_ROOT_AUTO_INC if it is above the limit.

dict_table_t::get_index(const dict_col_t &) const: Find an index that
starts with the specified column.

ha_innobase::check_for_upgrade(): Return HA_ADMIN_FAILED if InnoDB
needs upgrading but is in read-only mode. In this way, the call to
update_frm_version() will be skipped.

row_import_autoinc(): Adjust the AUTO_INCREMENT column at the end of
ALTER TABLE...IMPORT TABLESPACE. This refinement was suggested by
Debarun Banerjee.

The changes outside InnoDB were developed by Michael 'Monty' Widenius:

Added print_check_msg() service for easy reporting of check/repair messages
in ENGINE=Aria and ENGINE=InnoDB.
Fixed that CHECK TABLE do not update the .frm file under --read-only.
Added 'handler_flags' to HA_CHECK_OPT as a way for storage engines to
store state from handler::check_for_upgrade().

Reviewed by: Debarun Banerjee

include/mysql/service_print_check_msg.h

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+/* Copyright (c) 2019, MariaDB Corporation.
+
+   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
+   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
+   the Free Software Foundation; version 2 of the License.
+
+   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
+   GNU General Public License for more details.
+
+   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
+   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
+   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1335  USA */
+
+#pragma once
+
+/**
+  @file include/mysql/service_print_check_msg.h
+  This service provides functions to write messages for check or repair
+*/
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+extern "C" {
+#endif
+
+
+extern struct print_check_msg_service_st {
+  void (*print_check_msg)(MYSQL_THD, const char *db_name, const char *table_name,
+                          const char *op, const char *msg_type, const char *message,
+                          my_bool print_to_log);
+} *print_check_msg_service;
+
+#ifdef MYSQL_DYNAMIC_PLUGIN
+# define print_check_msg_context(_THD) print_check_msg_service->print_check_msg
+#else
+extern void print_check_msg(MYSQL_THD, const char *db_name, const char *table_name,
+                            const char *op, const char *msg_type, const char *message,
+                            my_bool print_to_log);
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+}
+#endif