MDEV-12668 SRID is not preserved in UNION, VIEW, MIN, MAX

Fixing the problem that an operation involving a mix of
two or more GEOMETRY operands did not preserve their SRIDs.
Now SRIDs are preserved by hybrid functions, subqueries, TVCs, UNIONs, VIEWs.

Incompatible change:
  An attempt to mix two different SRIDs now raises an error.

Details:

- Adding a new class Type_extra_attributes. It's a generic
  container which can store very specific data type attributes.
  For now it can store one uint32 and one const pointer attribute
  (for GEOMETRY's SRID and for ENUM/SET TYPELIB respectively).
  In the future it can grow as needed.

  Type_extra_attributes will also be reused soon to store "const Type_zone*"
  pointers for the TIMESTAMP's "WITH TIME ZONE 'tz'" attribute
  (a timestamp data type with a fixed time zone independent from @@time_zone).
  The time zone attribute will be stored in exactly the same way like
  a TYPELIB pointer is stored by ENUM/SET.

- Removing Column_definition_attributes members "interval" and "srid".
  Deriving Column_definition_attributes from the generic attribute container
  Type_extra_attributes instead.

- Adding a new class Type_typelib_attributes, to store
  the TYPELIB of the ENUM and SET data types. Deriving Field_enum from it.
  Removing the member Field_enum::typelib.

- Adding a new class Type_geom_attributes, to store
  the GEOMETRY related attributes. Deriving Field_geom from it.
  Removing the member Field_geom::srid.

- Removing virtual methods:
    Field::get_typelib()
    Type_all_attributes::get_typelib() and
    Type_all_attributes::set_typelib()
  They were very specific to TYPELIB.
  Adding more generic virtual methods instead:
  * Field::type_extra_attributes() - to get extra attributes
  * Type_all_attributes::type_extra_attributes() - to get extra attributes
  * Type_all_attributes::type_extra_attributes_addr() - to set extra attributes

- Removing Item_type_holder::enum_set_typelib. Deriving Item_type_holder
  from the generic attribute container Type_extra_attributes instead.
  This makes it possible for UNION to preserve SRID
  (in addition to preserving TYPELIB).

- Deriving Item_hybrid_func from Type_extra_attributes.
  This makes it possible for hybrid functions (e.g. CASE, COALESCE,
  LEAST, GREATEST etc) to preserve SRID.

- Deriving Item_singlerow_subselect from Type_extra_attributes and
  overriding methods:
  * Item_cache::type_extra_attributes()
  * subselect_single_select_engine::fix_length_and_dec()
  * Item_singlerow_subselect::type_extra_attributes()
  * Item_singlerow_subselect::type_extra_attributes_addr()
  This is needed to preserve SRID in subqueries and TVCs

- Cleanup: fixing the data type of members
  * Binlog_type_info::m_enum_typelib
  * Binlog_type_info::m_set_typelib
  from "TYPELIB *" to "const TYPELIB *"

sql/sql_type.h

@@ -3402,6 +3402,98 @@ public:
 };
 
 
+/*
+  A container for very specific data type attributes.
+  For now it prodives space for:
+  - one const pointer attributes
+  - one unt32 attribute
+*/
+class Type_extra_attributes
+{
+  const void *m_attr_const_void_ptr[1];
+  uint32 m_attr_uint32[1];
+public:
+  Type_extra_attributes()
+   :m_attr_const_void_ptr{0},
+    m_attr_uint32{0}
+  { }
+  Type_extra_attributes(const void *const_void_ptr)
+   :m_attr_const_void_ptr{const_void_ptr},
+    m_attr_uint32{0}
+  { }
+  /*
+    Generic const pointer attributes.
+    The ENUM and SET data types store TYPELIB information here.
+  */
+  Type_extra_attributes & set_attr_const_void_ptr(uint i, const void *value)
+  {
+    m_attr_const_void_ptr[i]= value;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  const void *get_attr_const_void_ptr(uint i) const
+  {
+    return m_attr_const_void_ptr[i];
+  }
+  /*
+    Generic uint32 attributes.
+    The GEOMETRY data type stores SRID here.
+  */
+  Type_extra_attributes & set_attr_uint32(uint i, uint32 value)
+  {
+    m_attr_uint32[i]= value;
+    return *this;
+  }
+  uint32 get_attr_uint32(uint i) const
+  {
+    return m_attr_uint32[i];
+  }
+  /*
+    Helper methods for TYPELIB attributes.
+    They are mostly needed to simplify the code
+    in Column_definition_attributes and Column_definition methods.
+    Eventually we should move this code into Type_typelib_attributes
+    and remove these methods.
+  */
+  Type_extra_attributes & set_typelib(const TYPELIB *typelib)
+  {
+    return set_attr_const_void_ptr(0, typelib);
+  }
+  const TYPELIB *typelib() const
+  {
+    return (const TYPELIB*) get_attr_const_void_ptr(0);
+  }
+};
+
+
+class Type_typelib_attributes
+{
+protected:
+  const TYPELIB *m_typelib;
+public:
+  Type_typelib_attributes()
+   :m_typelib(nullptr)
+  { }
+  Type_typelib_attributes(const TYPELIB *typelib)
+   :m_typelib(typelib)
+  { }
+  Type_typelib_attributes(const Type_extra_attributes &eattr)
+   :m_typelib((const TYPELIB *) eattr.get_attr_const_void_ptr(0))
+  { }
+  void store(Type_extra_attributes *to) const
+  {
+    to->set_attr_const_void_ptr(0, m_typelib);
+  }
+  const TYPELIB *typelib() const
+  {
+    return m_typelib;
+  }
+  void set_typelib(const TYPELIB *typelib)
+  {
+    m_typelib= typelib;
+  }
+};
+
+
 class Type_all_attributes: public Type_std_attributes
 {
 public:
@@ -3411,8 +3503,8 @@ public:
   virtual void set_type_maybe_null(bool maybe_null_arg)= 0;
   // Returns total number of decimal digits
   virtual decimal_digits_t decimal_precision() const= 0;
-  virtual const TYPELIB *get_typelib() const= 0;
-  virtual void set_typelib(const TYPELIB *typelib)= 0;
+  virtual Type_extra_attributes *type_extra_attributes_addr() = 0;
+  virtual const Type_extra_attributes type_extra_attributes() const= 0;
 };