refactor: standardize error handling with new context managers for CMAPI exceptions

We do it for the API to return error details.

cmapi/cmapi_server/exceptions.py

@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 """Module contains custom exceptions."""
 
+from collections.abc import Iterator
+from contextlib import contextmanager
+from typing import Optional
+
+from cmapi_server.controllers.error import APIError
+
 
 class CMAPIBasicError(Exception):
     """Basic exception raised for CMAPI related processes.
@@ -20,3 +26,35 @@ class CEJError(CMAPIBasicError):
     Attributes:
         message -- explanation of the error
     """
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def exc_to_cmapi_error(prefix: Optional[str] = None) -> Iterator[None]:
+    """Context manager to standardize error wrapping into CMAPIBasicError.
+
+    Re-raises existing CMAPIBasicError untouched (to preserve detailed
+    messages). Any other exception type is wrapped into CMAPIBasicError with an
+    optional prefix and the original exception string appended as details.
+
+    :param prefix: Optional message prefix for wrapped errors
+    :raises CMAPIBasicError: for any wrapped non-CMAPIBasicError exceptions
+    """
+    try:
+        yield
+    except CMAPIBasicError:
+        # Preserve detailed messages from deeper layers (e.g., validation)
+        raise
+    except Exception as err:
+        msg = f"{prefix}. Details: {err}" if prefix else str(err)
+        raise CMAPIBasicError(msg) from err
+
+
+@contextmanager
+def cmapi_error_to_422(logger, func_name: str) -> Iterator[None]:
+    """Convert CMAPIBasicError to HTTP 422 APIError."""
+    try:
+        yield
+    except CMAPIBasicError as err:
+        # mirror raise_422_error behavior locally to avoid circular imports
+        logger.error(f'{func_name} {err.message}', exc_info=False)
+        raise APIError(422, err.message) from err