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/*
* Copyright (C) 2019 Anders Löfgren
*
* License (MIT license):
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
* of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
* in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
* to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
* copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
* furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
* all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
* AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
* LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
* OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
* THE SOFTWARE.
*/
#include "FloodingMesh.h"
#include "TypeConversionFunctions.h"
#include "JsonTranslator.h"
#include "Serializer.h"
namespace
{
namespace TypeCast = MeshTypeConversionFunctions;
constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_ID_LENGTH = 17; // 16 characters and one delimiter
constexpr uint8_t MESSAGE_COMPLETE = 255;
char _metadataDelimiter = 23; // Defaults to 23 = End-of-Transmission-Block (ETB) control character in ASCII
}
std::set<FloodingMesh *> FloodingMesh::availableFloodingMeshes = {};
void floodingMeshDelay(const uint32_t durationMs)
{
ExpiringTimeTracker timeout(durationMs);
do
{
// We want to delay before performMeshMaintenance() so background tasks can be managed first.
// Initial while combined with YieldAndDelayMs polledTimeout::YieldPolicy is not suitable since the delay then occurs before evaluating the condition (meaning durationMs = 1 never executes the loop interior).
delay(1);
FloodingMesh::performMeshMaintenance();
}
while(!timeout);
}
FloodingMesh::FloodingMesh(messageHandlerType messageHandler, const String &meshPassword, const uint8_t espnowEncryptedConnectionKey[EspnowProtocolInterpreter::encryptedConnectionKeyLength],
const uint8_t espnowHashKey[EspnowProtocolInterpreter::hashKeyLength], const String &ssidPrefix,
const String &ssidSuffix, const bool verboseMode, const uint8 meshWiFiChannel)
: _espnowBackend(
[this](const String &request, MeshBackendBase &meshInstance){ return _defaultRequestHandler(request, meshInstance); },
[this](const String &response, MeshBackendBase &meshInstance){ return _defaultResponseHandler(response, meshInstance); },
[this](int numberOfNetworks, MeshBackendBase &meshInstance){ return _defaultNetworkFilter(numberOfNetworks, meshInstance); },
[this](String &firstTransmission, EspnowMeshBackend &meshInstance){ return _defaultBroadcastFilter(firstTransmission, meshInstance); },
meshPassword, espnowEncryptedConnectionKey, espnowHashKey, ssidPrefix, ssidSuffix, verboseMode, meshWiFiChannel)
{
setMessageHandler(messageHandler);
restoreDefaultTransmissionOutcomesUpdateHook();
restoreDefaultResponseTransmittedHook();
}
FloodingMesh::FloodingMesh(messageHandlerType messageHandler, const String &meshPassword, const String &espnowEncryptedConnectionKeySeed, const String &espnowHashKeySeed,
const String &ssidPrefix, const String &ssidSuffix, const bool verboseMode, const uint8 meshWiFiChannel)
: FloodingMesh(messageHandler, meshPassword, (const uint8_t[EspnowProtocolInterpreter::encryptedConnectionKeyLength]){0},
(const uint8_t[EspnowProtocolInterpreter::hashKeyLength]){0}, ssidPrefix, ssidSuffix, verboseMode, meshWiFiChannel)
{
getEspnowMeshBackend().setEspnowEncryptedConnectionKey(espnowEncryptedConnectionKeySeed);
getEspnowMeshBackend().setEspnowHashKey(espnowHashKeySeed);
}
FloodingMesh::FloodingMesh(const String &serializedMeshState, messageHandlerType messageHandler, const String &meshPassword,
const uint8_t espnowEncryptedConnectionKey[EspnowProtocolInterpreter::encryptedConnectionKeyLength],
const uint8_t espnowHashKey[EspnowProtocolInterpreter::hashKeyLength], const String &ssidPrefix,
const String &ssidSuffix, const bool verboseMode, const uint8 meshWiFiChannel)
: FloodingMesh(messageHandler, meshPassword, espnowEncryptedConnectionKey, espnowHashKey, ssidPrefix, ssidSuffix, verboseMode, meshWiFiChannel)
{
loadMeshState(serializedMeshState);
}
FloodingMesh::FloodingMesh(const String &serializedMeshState, messageHandlerType messageHandler, const String &meshPassword,
const String &espnowEncryptedConnectionKeySeed, const String &espnowHashKeySeed, const String &ssidPrefix,
const String &ssidSuffix, const bool verboseMode, const uint8 meshWiFiChannel)
: FloodingMesh(messageHandler, meshPassword, espnowEncryptedConnectionKeySeed, espnowHashKeySeed, ssidPrefix, ssidSuffix, verboseMode, meshWiFiChannel)
{
loadMeshState(serializedMeshState);
}
FloodingMesh::~FloodingMesh()
{
availableFloodingMeshes.erase(this);
}
void FloodingMesh::begin()
{
// Initialise the mesh node
getEspnowMeshBackend().begin();
// Used for encrypted broadcasts
getEspnowMeshBackend().setEncryptedConnectionsSoftLimit(3);
availableFloodingMeshes.insert(this); // Returns std::pair<iterator,bool>
}
void FloodingMesh::activateAP()
{
getEspnowMeshBackend().activateAP();
}
void FloodingMesh::deactivateAP()
{
MeshBackendBase::deactivateAP();
}
void FloodingMesh::performMeshMaintenance()
{
for(FloodingMesh *meshInstance : availableFloodingMeshes)
{
meshInstance->performMeshInstanceMaintenance();
}
}
void FloodingMesh::performMeshInstanceMaintenance()
{
EspnowMeshBackend::performEspnowMaintenance();
for(std::list<std::pair<String, bool>>::iterator backlogIterator = getForwardingBacklog().begin(); backlogIterator != getForwardingBacklog().end(); )
{
std::pair<String, bool> &messageData = *backlogIterator;
if(messageData.second) // message encrypted
{
getMacIgnoreList() = messageData.first.substring(0, 12) + ','; // The message should contain the messageID first
encryptedBroadcastKernel(messageData.first);
getMacIgnoreList() = emptyString;
}
else
{
broadcastKernel(messageData.first);
}
backlogIterator = getForwardingBacklog().erase(backlogIterator);
EspnowMeshBackend::performEspnowMaintenance(); // It is best to performEspnowMaintenance frequently to keep the Espnow backend responsive. Especially if each encryptedBroadcast takes a lot of time.
}
}
String FloodingMesh::serializeMeshState() const
{
String connectionState = getEspnowMeshBackendConst().serializeUnencryptedConnection();
uint32_t unsyncMsgID = 0;
JsonTranslator::getUnsynchronizedMessageID(connectionState, unsyncMsgID);
return Serializer::serializeMeshState(String(unsyncMsgID), String(_messageCount));
}
void FloodingMesh::loadMeshState(const String &serializedMeshState)
{
using namespace JsonTranslator;
if(!getMeshMessageCount(serializedMeshState, _messageCount))
getEspnowMeshBackend().warningPrint(String(F("WARNING! serializedMeshState did not contain MeshMessageCount. Using default instead.")));
String connectionState;
if(!getConnectionState(serializedMeshState, connectionState) || !getEspnowMeshBackend().addUnencryptedConnection(connectionState))
{
getEspnowMeshBackend().warningPrint(String(F("WARNING! serializedMeshState did not contain unsynchronizedMessageID. Using default instead.")));
}
}
String FloodingMesh::generateMessageID()
{
char messageCountArray[5] = { 0 };
snprintf(messageCountArray, 5, "%04X", _messageCount++);
uint8_t apMac[6] {0};
return TypeCast::macToString(WiFi.softAPmacAddress(apMac)) + String(messageCountArray); // We use the AP MAC address as ID since it is what shows up during WiFi scans
}
void FloodingMesh::broadcast(const String &message)
{
assert(message.length() <= maxUnencryptedMessageLength());
String messageID = generateMessageID();
// Remove getEspnowMeshBackend().getMeshName() from the metadata below to broadcast to all ESP-NOW nodes regardless of MeshName.
String targetMeshName = getEspnowMeshBackend().getMeshName();
broadcastKernel(targetMeshName + String(metadataDelimiter()) + messageID + String(metadataDelimiter()) + message);
}
void FloodingMesh::broadcastKernel(const String &message)
{
getEspnowMeshBackend().broadcast(message);
}
void FloodingMesh::setBroadcastReceptionRedundancy(const uint8_t redundancy)
{
assert(redundancy < 255);
_broadcastReceptionRedundancy = redundancy;
}
uint8_t FloodingMesh::getBroadcastReceptionRedundancy() const { return _broadcastReceptionRedundancy; }
void FloodingMesh::encryptedBroadcast(const String &message)
{
assert(message.length() <= maxEncryptedMessageLength());
String messageID = generateMessageID();
encryptedBroadcastKernel(messageID + String(metadataDelimiter()) + message);
}
void FloodingMesh::encryptedBroadcastKernel(const String &message)
{
getEspnowMeshBackend().attemptAutoEncryptingTransmission(message, true);
}
void FloodingMesh::clearMessageLogs()
{
_messageIDs.clear();
std::queue<messageQueueElementType>().swap(_messageIdOrder);
}
void FloodingMesh::clearForwardingBacklog()
{
getForwardingBacklog().clear();
}
void FloodingMesh::setMessageHandler(const messageHandlerType messageHandler) { _messageHandler = messageHandler; }
FloodingMesh::messageHandlerType FloodingMesh::getMessageHandler() const { return _messageHandler; }
void FloodingMesh::setOriginMac(const uint8_t *macArray)
{
std::copy_n(macArray, 6, _originMac);
}
String FloodingMesh::getOriginMac() const { return TypeCast::macToString(_originMac); }
uint8_t *FloodingMesh::getOriginMac(uint8_t *macArray) const
{
std::copy_n(_originMac, 6, macArray);
return macArray;
}
std::list<std::pair<String, bool>> & FloodingMesh::getForwardingBacklog() { return _forwardingBacklog; }
String & FloodingMesh::getMacIgnoreList() { return _macIgnoreList; }
uint32_t FloodingMesh::maxUnencryptedMessageLength() const
{
return getEspnowMeshBackendConst().getMaxMessageLength() - MESSAGE_ID_LENGTH - (getEspnowMeshBackendConst().getMeshName().length() + 1); // Need room for mesh name + delimiter
}
uint32_t FloodingMesh::maxEncryptedMessageLength() const
{
// Need 1 extra delimiter character for maximum metadata efficiency (makes it possible to store exactly 18 MACs in metadata by adding an extra transmission)
return getEspnowMeshBackendConst().getMaxMessageLength() - MESSAGE_ID_LENGTH - 1;
}
void FloodingMesh::setMessageLogSize(const uint16_t messageLogSize)
{
assert(messageLogSize >= 1);
_messageLogSize = messageLogSize;
}
uint16_t FloodingMesh::messageLogSize() const { return _messageLogSize; }
void FloodingMesh::setMetadataDelimiter(const char metadataDelimiter)
{
// Using HEX number characters as a delimiter is a bad idea regardless of broadcast type, since they are always in the broadcast metadata.
// We therefore check for those characters below.
assert(metadataDelimiter < '0' || '9' < metadataDelimiter);
assert(metadataDelimiter < 'A' || 'F' < metadataDelimiter);
assert(metadataDelimiter < 'a' || 'f' < metadataDelimiter);
// Reserved for encryptedBroadcast for now
assert(metadataDelimiter != ',');
_metadataDelimiter = metadataDelimiter;
}
char FloodingMesh::metadataDelimiter() { return _metadataDelimiter; }
EspnowMeshBackend &FloodingMesh::getEspnowMeshBackend()
{
return _espnowBackend;
}
const EspnowMeshBackend &FloodingMesh::getEspnowMeshBackendConst() const
{
return _espnowBackend;
}
bool FloodingMesh::insertPreliminaryMessageID(const uint64_t messageID)
{
uint8_t apMacArray[6] = { 0 };
if(messageID >> 16 == TypeCast::macToUint64(WiFi.softAPmacAddress(apMacArray)))
return false; // The node should not receive its own messages.
auto insertionResult = _messageIDs.emplace(messageID, 0); // Returns std::pair<iterator,bool>
if(insertionResult.second) // Insertion succeeded.
updateMessageQueue(insertionResult.first);
else if(insertionResult.first->second < getBroadcastReceptionRedundancy()) // messageID exists but not with desired redundancy
insertionResult.first->second++;
else
return false; // messageID already existed in _messageIDs with desired redundancy
return true;
}
bool FloodingMesh::insertCompletedMessageID(const uint64_t messageID)
{
uint8_t apMacArray[6] = { 0 };
if(messageID >> 16 == TypeCast::macToUint64(WiFi.softAPmacAddress(apMacArray)))
return false; // The node should not receive its own messages.
auto insertionResult = _messageIDs.emplace(messageID, MESSAGE_COMPLETE); // Returns std::pair<iterator,bool>
if(insertionResult.second) // Insertion succeeded.
updateMessageQueue(insertionResult.first);
else if(insertionResult.first->second < MESSAGE_COMPLETE) // messageID exists but is not complete
insertionResult.first->second = MESSAGE_COMPLETE;
else
return false; // messageID already existed in _messageIDs and is complete
return true;
}
void FloodingMesh::updateMessageQueue(const messageQueueElementType messageIterator)
{
_messageIdOrder.emplace(messageIterator);
if(_messageIDs.size() > messageLogSize())
{
_messageIDs.erase(_messageIdOrder.front());
_messageIdOrder.pop();
assert(_messageIDs.size() == messageLogSize()); // If this is false we either have too many elements in messageIDs or we deleted too many elements.
assert(_messageIDs.size() == _messageIdOrder.size()); // The containers should always be in sync
}
}
void FloodingMesh::restoreDefaultRequestHandler()
{
getEspnowMeshBackend().setRequestHandler([this](const String &request, MeshBackendBase &meshInstance){ return _defaultRequestHandler(request, meshInstance); });
}
void FloodingMesh::restoreDefaultResponseHandler()
{
getEspnowMeshBackend().setResponseHandler([this](const String &response, MeshBackendBase &meshInstance){ return _defaultResponseHandler(response, meshInstance); });
}
void FloodingMesh::restoreDefaultNetworkFilter()
{
getEspnowMeshBackend().setNetworkFilter([this](int numberOfNetworks, MeshBackendBase &meshInstance){ return _defaultNetworkFilter(numberOfNetworks, meshInstance); });
}
void FloodingMesh::restoreDefaultBroadcastFilter()
{
getEspnowMeshBackend().setBroadcastFilter([this](String &firstTransmission, EspnowMeshBackend &meshInstance){ return _defaultBroadcastFilter(firstTransmission, meshInstance); });
}
void FloodingMesh::restoreDefaultTransmissionOutcomesUpdateHook()
{
/* Optional way of doing things. Lambda is supposedly better https://stackoverflow.com/a/36596295 .
using namespace std::placeholders;
getEspnowMeshBackend().setTransmissionOutcomesUpdateHook(std::bind(&FloodingMesh::_defaultTransmissionOutcomesUpdateHook, this, _1));
*/
getEspnowMeshBackend().setTransmissionOutcomesUpdateHook([this](MeshBackendBase &meshInstance){ return _defaultTransmissionOutcomesUpdateHook(meshInstance); });
}
void FloodingMesh::restoreDefaultResponseTransmittedHook()
{
getEspnowMeshBackend().setResponseTransmittedHook([this](bool transmissionSuccessful, const String &response, const uint8_t *recipientMac, uint32_t responseIndex, EspnowMeshBackend &meshInstance)
{ return _defaultResponseTransmittedHook(transmissionSuccessful, response, recipientMac, responseIndex, meshInstance); });
}
/**
* Callback for when other nodes send you a request
*
* @param request The request string received from another node in the mesh
* @param meshInstance The MeshBackendBase instance that called the function.
* @return The string to send back to the other node. For ESP-NOW, return an empy string ("") if no response should be sent.
*/
String FloodingMesh::_defaultRequestHandler(const String &request, MeshBackendBase &meshInstance)
{
(void)meshInstance; // This is useful to remove a "unused parameter" compiler warning. Does nothing else.
String broadcastTarget;
String remainingRequest = request;
if(request.charAt(0) == metadataDelimiter())
{
int32_t broadcastTargetEndIndex = request.indexOf(metadataDelimiter(), 1);
if(broadcastTargetEndIndex == -1)
return emptyString; // metadataDelimiter not found
broadcastTarget = request.substring(1, broadcastTargetEndIndex + 1); // Include delimiter
remainingRequest.remove(0, broadcastTargetEndIndex + 1);
}
int32_t messageIDEndIndex = remainingRequest.indexOf(metadataDelimiter());
if(messageIDEndIndex == -1)
return emptyString; // metadataDelimiter not found
uint64_t messageID = TypeCast::stringToUint64(remainingRequest.substring(0, messageIDEndIndex));
if(insertCompletedMessageID(messageID))
{
uint8_t originMacArray[6] = { 0 };
setOriginMac(TypeCast::uint64ToMac(messageID >> 16, originMacArray)); // messageID consists of MAC + 16 bit counter
String message = remainingRequest;
message.remove(0, messageIDEndIndex + 1); // This approach avoids the null value removal of substring()
if(getMessageHandler()(message, *this))
{
message = broadcastTarget + remainingRequest.substring(0, messageIDEndIndex + 1) + message;
assert(message.length() <= _espnowBackend.getMaxMessageLength());
getForwardingBacklog().emplace_back(message, getEspnowMeshBackend().receivedEncryptedTransmission());
}
}
return emptyString;
}
/**
* Callback for when you get a response from other nodes
*
* @param response The response string received from another node in the mesh
* @param meshInstance The MeshBackendBase instance that called the function.
* @return The status code resulting from the response, as an int
*/
TransmissionStatusType FloodingMesh::_defaultResponseHandler(const String &response, MeshBackendBase &meshInstance)
{
TransmissionStatusType statusCode = TransmissionStatusType::TRANSMISSION_COMPLETE;
getEspnowMeshBackend().warningPrint(String(F("WARNING! Response to FloodingMesh broadcast received, but none is expected!")));
(void)response; // This is useful to remove a "unused parameter" compiler warning. Does nothing else.
(void)meshInstance; // This is useful to remove a "unused parameter" compiler warning. Does nothing else.
return statusCode;
}
/**
* Callback used to decide which networks to connect to once a WiFi scan has been completed.
*
* @param numberOfNetworks The number of networks found in the WiFi scan.
* @param meshInstance The MeshBackendBase instance that called the function.
*/
void FloodingMesh::_defaultNetworkFilter(const int numberOfNetworks, MeshBackendBase &meshInstance)
{
// Note that the network index of a given node may change whenever a new scan is done.
for (int networkIndex = 0; networkIndex < numberOfNetworks; ++networkIndex)
{
String currentSSID = WiFi.SSID(networkIndex);
int meshNameIndex = currentSSID.indexOf(meshInstance.getMeshName());
// Connect to any APs which contain meshInstance.getMeshName()
if(meshNameIndex >= 0)
{
if(getMacIgnoreList().indexOf(TypeCast::macToString(WiFi.BSSID(networkIndex))) == -1) // If the BSSID is not in the ignore list
{
if(EspnowMeshBackend *espnowInstance = TypeCast::meshBackendCast<EspnowMeshBackend *>(&meshInstance))
{
espnowInstance->connectionQueue().emplace_back(networkIndex);
}
else
{
Serial.println(String(F("Invalid mesh backend!")));
}
}
}
}
}
/**
* Callback used to decide which broadcast messages to accept. Only called for the first transmission in each broadcast.
* If true is returned from this callback, the first broadcast transmission is saved until the entire broadcast message has been received.
* The complete broadcast message will then be sent to the requestHandler.
* If false is returned from this callback, the broadcast message is discarded.
* Note that the BroadcastFilter may be called multiple times for messages that are discarded in this way, but is only called once for accepted messages.
*
* @param firstTransmission The first transmission of the broadcast.
* @param meshInstance The EspnowMeshBackend instance that called the function.
*
* @return True if the broadcast should be accepted. False otherwise.
*/
bool FloodingMesh::_defaultBroadcastFilter(String &firstTransmission, EspnowMeshBackend &meshInstance)
{
// This broadcastFilter will accept a transmission if it contains the metadataDelimiter
// and as metaData either no targetMeshName or a targetMeshName that matches the MeshName of meshInstance
// and insertPreliminaryMessageID(messageID) returns true.
// Broadcast firstTransmission String structure: targetMeshName+messageID+message.
int32_t metadataEndIndex = firstTransmission.indexOf(metadataDelimiter());
if(metadataEndIndex == -1)
return false; // metadataDelimiter not found
String targetMeshName = firstTransmission.substring(0, metadataEndIndex);
if(!targetMeshName.isEmpty() && meshInstance.getMeshName() != targetMeshName)
{
return false; // Broadcast is for another mesh network
}
int32_t messageIDEndIndex = firstTransmission.indexOf(metadataDelimiter(), metadataEndIndex + 1);
if(messageIDEndIndex == -1)
return false; // metadataDelimiter not found
uint64_t messageID = TypeCast::stringToUint64(firstTransmission.substring(metadataEndIndex + 1, messageIDEndIndex));
if(insertPreliminaryMessageID(messageID))
{
// Add broadcast identifier to stored message and mark as accepted broadcast.
firstTransmission = String(metadataDelimiter()) + firstTransmission;
return true;
}
return false; // Broadcast has already been received the maximum number of times
}
/**
* Once passed to the setTransmissionOutcomesUpdateHook method of the ESP-NOW backend,
* this function will be called after each update of the latestTransmissionOutcomes vector during attemptTransmission.
* (which happens after each individual transmission has finished)
*
* @param meshInstance The MeshBackendBase instance that called the function.
*
* @return True if attemptTransmission should continue with the next entry in the connectionQueue. False if attemptTransmission should stop.
*/
bool FloodingMesh::_defaultTransmissionOutcomesUpdateHook(MeshBackendBase &meshInstance)
{
(void)meshInstance; // This is useful to remove a "unused parameter" compiler warning. Does nothing else.
return true;
}
/**
* Once passed to the setResponseTransmittedHook method of the ESP-NOW backend,
* this function will be called after each attempted ESP-NOW response transmission.
* In case of a successful response transmission, this happens just before the response is removed from the waiting list.
* Only the hook of the EspnowMeshBackend instance that is getEspnowRequestManager() will be called.
*
* @param transmissionSuccessful True if the response was transmitted successfully. False otherwise.
* @param response The sent response.
* @param recipientMac The MAC address the response was sent to.
* @param responseIndex The index of the response in the waiting list.
* @param meshInstance The EspnowMeshBackend instance that called the function.
*
* @return True if the response transmission process should continue with the next response in the waiting list.
* False if the response transmission process should stop after processing of the just sent response is complete.
*/
bool FloodingMesh::_defaultResponseTransmittedHook(bool transmissionSuccessful, const String &response, const uint8_t *recipientMac, const uint32_t responseIndex, EspnowMeshBackend &meshInstance)
{
(void)transmissionSuccessful; // This is useful to remove a "unused parameter" compiler warning. Does nothing else.
(void)response;
(void)recipientMac;
(void)responseIndex;
(void)meshInstance;
return true;
}