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lwIP on ethernet: examples (#8395)

* ethernet: examples

* remove duplicate

* styling

* fix comment restyle + comment eth.setdefault()

* comment and add comments about eth.setDefault()

* update comments when using interface::setDefault()

* repair bad merge

* fix default interface case

* factorize

* change comment
This commit is contained in:
david gauchard
2022-06-02 14:03:38 +02:00
committed by GitHub
parent f5ef02d643
commit 5f2af1945b
13 changed files with 947 additions and 112 deletions

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@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
// Example of the different modes of the X.509 validation options
// in the WiFiClientBearSSL object
//
// Mar 2018 by Earle F. Philhower, III
// Released to the public domain
//
// This is Ethernet version of:
// https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino/blob/master/libraries/ESP8266WiFi/examples/BearSSL_Validation/BearSSL_Validation.ino
#include <LwipEthernet.h>
Wiznet5500lwIP eth(/*SS*/ 16); // <== adapt to your hardware
#include <WiFiClientSecure.h>
#include <StackThunk.h>
#include <time.h>
#include "certs.h"
const char *path = "/";
// Set time via NTP, as required for x.509 validation
void setClock() {
configTime(3 * 3600, 0, "pool.ntp.org", "time.nist.gov");
Serial.print("Waiting for NTP time sync: ");
time_t now = time(nullptr);
while (now < 8 * 3600 * 2) {
delay(500);
Serial.print(".");
now = time(nullptr);
}
Serial.println("");
struct tm timeinfo;
gmtime_r(&now, &timeinfo);
Serial.print("Current time: ");
Serial.print(asctime(&timeinfo));
}
// Try and connect using a WiFiClientBearSSL to specified host:port and dump HTTP response
void fetchURL(BearSSL::WiFiClientSecure *client, const char *host, const uint16_t port, const char *path) {
if (!path) {
path = "/";
}
ESP.resetFreeContStack();
uint32_t freeStackStart = ESP.getFreeContStack();
Serial.printf("Trying: %s:443...", host);
client->connect(host, port);
if (!client->connected()) {
Serial.printf("*** Can't connect. ***\n-------\n");
return;
}
Serial.printf("Connected!\n-------\n");
client->write("GET ");
client->write(path);
client->write(" HTTP/1.0\r\nHost: ");
client->write(host);
client->write("\r\nUser-Agent: ESP8266\r\n");
client->write("\r\n");
uint32_t to = millis() + 5000;
if (client->connected()) {
do {
char tmp[32];
memset(tmp, 0, 32);
int rlen = client->read((uint8_t *)tmp, sizeof(tmp) - 1);
yield();
if (rlen < 0) {
break;
}
// Only print out first line up to \r, then abort connection
char *nl = strchr(tmp, '\r');
if (nl) {
*nl = 0;
Serial.print(tmp);
break;
}
Serial.print(tmp);
} while (millis() < to);
}
client->stop();
uint32_t freeStackEnd = ESP.getFreeContStack();
Serial.printf("\nCONT stack used: %d\n", freeStackStart - freeStackEnd);
Serial.printf("BSSL stack used: %d\n-------\n\n", stack_thunk_get_max_usage());
}
void fetchNoConfig() {
Serial.printf(R"EOF(
If there are no CAs or insecure options specified, BearSSL will not connect.
Expect the following call to fail as none have been configured.
)EOF");
BearSSL::WiFiClientSecure client;
fetchURL(&client, gitlab_host, gitlab_port, path);
}
void fetchInsecure() {
Serial.printf(R"EOF(
This is absolutely *insecure*, but you can tell BearSSL not to check the
certificate of the server. In this mode it will accept ANY certificate,
which is subject to man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks.
)EOF");
BearSSL::WiFiClientSecure client;
client.setInsecure();
fetchURL(&client, gitlab_host, gitlab_port, path);
}
void fetchFingerprint() {
Serial.printf(R"EOF(
The SHA-1 fingerprint of an X.509 certificate can be used to validate it
instead of the while certificate. This is not nearly as secure as real
X.509 validation, but is better than nothing. Also be aware that these
fingerprints will change if anything changes in the certificate chain
(i.e. re-generating the certificate for a new end date, any updates to
the root authorities, etc.).
)EOF");
BearSSL::WiFiClientSecure client;
client.setFingerprint(fingerprint_gitlab_com);
fetchURL(&client, gitlab_host, gitlab_port, path);
}
void fetchSelfSigned() {
Serial.printf(R"EOF(
It is also possible to accept *any* self-signed certificate. This is
absolutely insecure as anyone can make a self-signed certificate.
)EOF");
BearSSL::WiFiClientSecure client;
Serial.printf("First, try and connect to a badssl.com self-signed website (will fail):\n");
fetchURL(&client, "self-signed.badssl.com", 443, "/");
Serial.printf("Now we'll enable self-signed certs (will pass)\n");
client.allowSelfSignedCerts();
fetchURL(&client, "self-signed.badssl.com", 443, "/");
}
void fetchKnownKey() {
Serial.printf(R"EOF(
The server certificate can be completely ignored and its public key
hardcoded in your application. This should be secure as the public key
needs to be paired with the private key of the site, which is obviously
private and not shared. A MITM without the private key would not be
able to establish communications.
)EOF");
BearSSL::WiFiClientSecure client;
BearSSL::PublicKey key(pubkey_gitlab_com);
client.setKnownKey(&key);
fetchURL(&client, gitlab_host, gitlab_port, path);
}
void fetchCertAuthority() {
Serial.printf(R"EOF(
A specific certification authority can be passed in and used to validate
a chain of certificates from a given server. These will be validated
using BearSSL's rules, which do NOT include certificate revocation lists.
A specific server's certificate, or your own self-signed root certificate
can also be used. ESP8266 time needs to be valid for checks to pass as
BearSSL does verify the notValidBefore/After fields.
)EOF");
BearSSL::WiFiClientSecure client;
BearSSL::X509List cert(cert_USERTrust_RSA_Certification_Authority);
client.setTrustAnchors(&cert);
Serial.printf("Try validating without setting the time (should fail)\n");
fetchURL(&client, gitlab_host, gitlab_port, path);
Serial.printf("Try again after setting NTP time (should pass)\n");
setClock();
fetchURL(&client, gitlab_host, gitlab_port, path);
}
void fetchFaster() {
Serial.printf(R"EOF(
The ciphers used to set up the SSL connection can be configured to
only support faster but less secure ciphers. If you care about security
you won't want to do this. If you need to maximize battery life, these
may make sense
)EOF");
BearSSL::WiFiClientSecure client;
client.setInsecure();
uint32_t now = millis();
fetchURL(&client, gitlab_host, gitlab_port, path);
uint32_t delta = millis() - now;
client.setInsecure();
client.setCiphersLessSecure();
now = millis();
fetchURL(&client, gitlab_host, gitlab_port, path);
uint32_t delta2 = millis() - now;
std::vector<uint16_t> myCustomList = { BR_TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256, BR_TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA, BR_TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA };
client.setInsecure();
client.setCiphers(myCustomList);
now = millis();
fetchURL(&client, gitlab_host, gitlab_port, path);
uint32_t delta3 = millis() - now;
Serial.printf("Using more secure: %dms\nUsing less secure ciphers: %dms\nUsing custom cipher list: %dms\n", delta, delta2, delta3);
}
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println();
Serial.println();
Serial.println("\nEthernet\n");
// 1. Currently when no default is set, esp8266-Arduino uses the first
// DHCP client interface receiving a valid address and gateway to
// become the new lwIP default interface.
// 2. Otherwise - when using static addresses - lwIP for every packets by
// defaults selects automatically the best suited output interface
// matching the destination address. If several interfaces match,
// the first one is picked. On esp8266/Arduno: WiFi interfaces are
// checked first.
// 3. Or, use `::setDefault()` to force routing through this interface.
// eth.setDefault(true); // default route set through this interface
if (!ethInitDHCP(eth)) {
Serial.printf("no hardware found\n");
while (1)
delay(1000);
}
while (!eth.connected()) {
Serial.printf(".");
delay(1000);
}
Serial.printf("Ethernet: IP Address: %s\n",
eth.localIP().toString().c_str());
fetchNoConfig();
fetchInsecure();
fetchFingerprint();
fetchSelfSigned();
fetchKnownKey();
fetchCertAuthority();
fetchFaster();
}
void loop() {
// Nothing to do here
}

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cd ${0%/*} 2>/dev/null
python3 ../../../../tools/cert.py -s www.gitlab.com -n gitlab > certs.h

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@ -0,0 +1,114 @@
// this file is autogenerated - any modification will be overwritten
// unused symbols will not be linked in the final binary
// generated on 2021-11-30 02:13:11
// by ['../../../../tools/cert.py', '-s', 'www.gitlab.com', '-n', 'gitlab']
#pragma once
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
// certificate chain for www.gitlab.com:443
const char* gitlab_host = "www.gitlab.com";
const uint16_t gitlab_port = 443;
// CN: gitlab.com => name: gitlab_com
// not valid before: 2021-04-12 00:00:00
// not valid after: 2022-05-11 23:59:59
const char fingerprint_gitlab_com[] PROGMEM
= "71:55:5e:29:68:99:43:98:c8:85:35:bd:4c:10:4c:f5:cf:17:09:e6";
const char pubkey_gitlab_com[] PROGMEM = R"PUBKEY(
-----BEGIN PUBLIC KEY-----
MIIBIjANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQEFAAOCAQ8AMIIBCgKCAQEA1eeFy86Xbz3ygyCVprHp
sPP3zyg0yldkIfqwjsXPH0b+KwQ85s3pzI/5+MVrR2/BGY4ed6mTZ6hvNwQJ2B0E
sJrsTb2nuUsXQ0UVO4hvnZ7Dnx8r/bT1cndqa+Mn+bms8/TS4etP72+TLaORBRCz
O4L1Hi8r61+zZLnP3DqqHeHAgl5wKHNYpx7yFFl2I71LuLH/pk2ICDBjaHwCIbRW
u484no9s1c4VROxqMrQQ/wDMl80MiO9YeNQ5rBHfnabh4rFe9eb2Sd0H/DWBj3SO
YBD0kiLI6b5CWYfA76pBSlZg7G3ledvQ+n9FEcS3EOCPKBBZqMDCzEahvHqwJ/r6
pwIDAQAB
-----END PUBLIC KEY-----
)PUBKEY";
// http://crt.sectigo.com/SectigoRSADomainValidationSecureServerCA.crt
// CN: Sectigo RSA Domain Validation Secure Server CA => name: Sectigo_RSA_Domain_Validation_Secure_Server_CA
// not valid before: 2018-11-02 00:00:00
// not valid after: 2030-12-31 23:59:59
const char cert_Sectigo_RSA_Domain_Validation_Secure_Server_CA[] PROGMEM = R"CERT(
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----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uK3DGReEY+1vVv2Dy2A0xHS+5p3b4eTlygxfFQIDAQABo4IBbjCCAWowHwYDVR0j
BBgwFoAUU3m/WqorSs9UgOHYm8Cd8rIDZsswHQYDVR0OBBYEFI2MXsRUrYrhd+mb
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xvcRviKFxmZEJCaOEDKNyJOuB56DPi/Z+fVGjmO+wea03KbNIaiGCpXZLoUmGv38
sbZXQm2V0TP2ORQGgkE49Y9Y3IBbpNV9lXj9p5v//cWoaasm56ekBYdbqbe4oyAL
l6lFhd2zi+WJN44pDfwGF/Y4QA5C5BIG+3vzxhFoYt/jmPQT2BVPi7Fp2RBgvGQq
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LcmsJWTyXnW0OMGuf1pGg+pRyrbxmRE1a6Vqe8YAsOf4vmSyrcjC8azjUeqkk+B5
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00u/I5sUKUErmgQfky3xxzlIPK1aEn8=
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
)CERT";
// http://crt.usertrust.com/USERTrustRSAAddTrustCA.crt
// CN: USERTrust RSA Certification Authority => name: USERTrust_RSA_Certification_Authority
// not valid before: 2019-03-12 00:00:00
// not valid after: 2028-12-31 23:59:59
const char cert_USERTrust_RSA_Certification_Authority[] PROGMEM = R"CERT(
-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----
MIIFgTCCBGmgAwIBAgIQOXJEOvkit1HX02wQ3TE1lTANBgkqhkiG9w0BAQwFADB7
MQswCQYDVQQGEwJHQjEbMBkGA1UECAwSR3JlYXRlciBNYW5jaGVzdGVyMRAwDgYD
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rvSNb3I8QzvAP+u431yqqcau8vzY7qN7Q/aGNnwU4M309z/+3ri0ivCRlv79Q2R+
/czSAaF9ffgZGclCKxO/WIu6pKJmBHaIkU4MiRTOok3JMrO66BQavHHxW/BBC5gA
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vGp4z7h/jnZymQyd/teRCBaho1+V
-----END CERTIFICATE-----
)CERT";
// end of certificate chain for www.gitlab.com:443
////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////